Which three components are usually installed on a PC motherboard before the motherboard is installed in the computer case? (Choose three.)

Which three components are usually installed on a PC motherboard before the motherboard is installed in the computer case? (Choose three.)

• CPU
• CPU heatsink and fan
• RAM
• internal hard drives
• power supply
• optical drive
• adapter cards

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Components Installed on a Motherboard Before Mounting It in the Computer Case

When assembling a personal computer, it’s important to understand the correct installation sequence of hardware components. Certain components are easier and safer to install on the motherboard before placing the motherboard inside the case. This practice prevents potential physical damage, simplifies cable management, and ensures that delicate components like the CPU and RAM are properly seated.

The three components that are usually installed on a PC motherboard before the motherboard is installed into the computer case are:
✅ CPU (Central Processing Unit)
✅ CPU heatsink and fan (cooling system)
✅ RAM (Random Access Memory)

Let’s explore each of these components in detail, including their functions, installation procedures, and the reasoning behind pre-installation.

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1. Central Processing Unit (CPU)

Definition and Function

The CPU is the brain of the computer. It executes instructions from programs by performing arithmetic, logic, control, and input/output operations. Every action your computer performs—from opening a file to rendering a game—goes through the CPU at some stage.

There are various types of CPUs, such as Intel Core i3/i5/i7/i9 or AMD Ryzen 3/5/7/9, each designed to fit specific socket types on the motherboard (e.g., LGA 1700, AM5).

Why Install the CPU First

Installing the CPU before the motherboard goes into the case makes it easier to:

• Align the delicate CPU pins (for AMD) or contact pads (for Intel LGA sockets) properly.

• Avoid applying pressure to the motherboard, which can bend or crack it.

• Easily access the CPU socket lever and retention mechanism.

Installation Steps

1. Open the CPU socket on the motherboard by lifting the lever or retention arm.

2. Align the CPU with the socket using the triangle indicator on one corner of the CPU and the matching triangle on the socket.

3. Gently place the CPU into the socket—never force it. It should drop in naturally.

4. Secure the CPU by lowering the lever or latch.

Precautions

• Always handle the CPU by its edges to avoid touching the pins or pads.

• Ensure there is no dust or thermal paste on the contacts.

• Verify compatibility between the motherboard’s socket and the CPU model.

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2. CPU Heatsink and Fan (Cooling System)

Definition and Function

The CPU heatsink and fan (also known as the CPU cooler) dissipate heat produced by the CPU during operation. Without effective cooling, the CPU can overheat, leading to performance throttling, instability, or even permanent damage.

There are two main types:

• Air coolers, which use a metal heatsink and fan combination.

• Liquid coolers, which circulate coolant through tubes and a radiator.

Why Install the Cooler Before Mounting the Motherboard

Installing the heatsink and fan early has several advantages:

• It’s much easier to attach the cooler bracket or backplate while the motherboard is on a flat surface.

• You can apply thermal paste evenly between the CPU and heatsink.

• It reduces the risk of bending the motherboard inside the case when applying downward pressure.

Installation Steps

1. Apply thermal paste (pea-sized drop) in the center of the CPU.

2. Position the heatsink directly over the CPU.

3. Secure the cooler using the mounting screws or retention clips.

4. Connect the CPU fan cable to the CPU_FAN header on the motherboard.

Precautions

• Do not overtighten the cooler screws; this can warp the motherboard.

• Always plug the CPU fan into the correct header to ensure automatic speed control.

• Ensure proper airflow inside the case after installation.

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3. Random Access Memory (RAM)

Definition and Function

RAM is the system’s short-term memory. It temporarily stores data that the CPU needs to access quickly. More RAM or faster RAM improves multitasking and overall system performance.

Modern motherboards typically use DDR4 or DDR5 RAM modules, which must match the motherboard’s memory slot type.

Why Install RAM Before Mounting the Motherboard

Installing RAM before placing the motherboard into the case is beneficial because:

• RAM slots are located close to the CPU socket and can be difficult to reach once the motherboard is inside the case.

• It’s easier to apply even pressure to both ends of the RAM stick without bending the motherboard.

• You can visually confirm that the modules are properly seated and latched.

Installation Steps

1. Open the locking clips at both ends of the RAM slot.

2. Align the notch on the RAM module with the key in the slot.

3. Press firmly on both ends until the clips snap into place.

4. Check that the RAM is fully seated and locked.

Precautions

• Install RAM modules in the correct dual-channel configuration (usually slots 1 & 3 or 2 & 4).

• Avoid touching the gold contacts on the RAM module.

• Handle modules gently and ensure no static discharge by grounding yourself.

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4. Why Not Install Other Components First?

Now, let’s briefly explain why the other listed options—internal hard drives, power supply, optical drives, and adapter cards—are not installed before mounting the motherboard.

a. Internal Hard Drives

• Hard drives (HDDs or SSDs) are installed in drive bays or M.2 slots after the motherboard is secured.

• SATA or power cables connect more easily when the case is accessible.

• Installing them too early risks cable obstruction or damage during motherboard placement.

b. Power Supply

• The power supply unit (PSU) is mounted in its own section of the case, usually at the bottom or top rear.

• It doesn’t attach directly to the motherboard, so installing it before the motherboard can make cable routing harder.

c. Optical Drive

• Optical drives (DVD/Blu-ray) go into the front panel bay of the case. They are connected using SATA data and power cables later in the build.

• Installing them early offers no advantage and may block access to other components.

d. Adapter Cards

• Adapter cards (e.g., graphics card, Wi-Fi card, sound card) connect to PCIe slots on the motherboard.

• These should be installed after the motherboard is secured in the case to prevent damaging the PCIe slot alignment.

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5. Summary Table

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6. Conclusion

In summary, the CPU, CPU heatsink and fan, and RAM are the three primary components that should be installed on the motherboard before placing the motherboard inside the computer case. Doing so simplifies the assembly process, minimizes the risk of hardware damage, and ensures proper alignment and contact of sensitive components.

This installation order is widely recommended by both PC manufacturers and professional system builders because it combines safety, convenience, and efficiency. Once these components are installed, you can confidently mount the motherboard inside the case and proceed with connecting other hardware like the PSU, drives, and expansion cards.

By understanding this sequence, a PC builder ensures both optimal performance and a smooth assembly experience, avoiding the frustration and potential hardware damage that can occur from cramped working space inside the case.